Purpose: Document this fix for my future self. I previously had solved this issue with the wisdom of the internet, then a software update nerfed it and I had to go through the process of figuring it out again.

Issue: On my MSI workstation under Fedora32, the sound card was mapping the headphones and speakers together. The headphones worked fine, but every time I unplugged them, the speakers would remain on mute, and the only way to get sound was to go into alsamixer from the cli, select my sound card, and increase the volume of the headphones. In the image below, prior to the fix, the Headphone and Speaker also had level bars like PCM and Line Out. The speaker level bar had no effect. Manually increasing the headphone bar increased volume of the headphones, if plugged in, or the speakers if no headphones were plugged in.

Solution: Edit the /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf file to include the following line, then reboot (found at https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=204159):
options snd_hda_intel model=clevo-p950

Attempted solutions: Many thanks to the multiple fora and sites discussing and working on this problem:
https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=210459https://www.reddit.com/r/archlinux/comments/hcqhfc/alsa_output_mixer_volume_reset_after_reboot/https://ask.fedoraproject.org/t/fix-any-audio-problem-with-alsamixer-and-pluse-audio/10752https://www.maketecheasier.com/alsa-utilities-manage-linux-audio-command-line/https://askubuntu.com/questions/1231067/no-sound-with-hda-intelhttps://forums.gentoo.org/viewtopic-p-8193958.html?sid=9e3b0c3e98b02a1f47e1bed46f749db8

Some of the solutions I attempted, but that did not solve my particular issue, were adding any/all/combinations of the lines to /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf:
options snd_hda_intel index=1
options snd cards_limit=2
options snd-hda-intel model=generic
options snd-hda-intel model=auto

I also attempted editing the /usr/share/pulseaudio/alsa-mixer/paths/analog-output-headphones.conf file to mute/merge/on/off for the various speaker settings.